基于GT-Power和Simulink的柴油机各缸不均匀性闭环控制

为改善各缸工作不均匀性,以TBD314V8柴油机为研究对象,基于缸压计算得到的各缸IMEP和CA50作为反馈变量,控制变量为各缸的喷油量和喷油提前角,建立了GT-Power与Simulink联合仿真模型,通过模型分析了轨压、负荷和喷油提前角对爆压、IMEP和CA50不均匀率的影响,并对影响因素进行参数灵敏度量化分析,验证了闭环控制对各缸不均匀性的改善效果。结果表明：轨压对爆压、IMEP和CA50不均匀率影响较小;负荷对IMEP不均匀率影响最大,且随着负荷的增加呈线性下降;喷油提前角对爆压不均匀率和CA50不均匀率影响最大,且CA50不均匀率随着喷油提前角的增大呈线性增加。经过闭环控制后,各缸不均匀性得到明显改善。     

株洲航电枢纽二线船闸基坑渗流特征及工程措施

针对株洲航电枢纽二线船闸主体基坑渗漏问题,基于在基坑开挖现场对基槽的观察与检验工作,进行基坑渗漏原因分析。按含水介质和分布特征,划分基坑渗流类型。通过对渗流量和渗透变形的观测,分析各渗流类型的渗流特征和工程影响。根据渗流对基坑工程的影响程度,借鉴一线船闸基坑的设计、施工经验,采取不同的处理措施,保证基坑边坡的稳定,满足结构体对承载力和沉降的要求,为内河船闸工程地质勘察提供查明水文地质条件的思路。     

坞式闸室混凝土裂缝控制措施

坞式闸室在以往的工程中经常会在闸室底板和倒角产生混凝土裂缝,底板裂缝通过后浇带设计加以解决,后浇带处理不当会产生人为裂缝、同时也会带来施工不便。探讨坞式闸室底板整体浇筑的可行性,研究采用三维有限单元法模拟船闸坞式闸室的施工过程,分析指出闸室底板和倒角可能产生裂缝的成因,提出应用预应力加固技术防治混凝土裂缝,同时提出了预应力布置参数。计算结果表明,施加预应力后可有效降低底板和倒角处的拉应力,使其低于混凝土应力控制标准,达到了防治裂缝的目的。     

基于多层次模糊评价法的船闸引航道基坑开挖风险评估

船闸项目建设过程中的风险因素复杂多样,特别是株洲二线船闸引航道基坑施工面临着与原有一线船闸近、临水度汛造成工期紧等特点。针对这一情况,将层次分析法与模糊综合评价法相结合,采用BIM技术实时复核项目土石方开挖工程量,使风险评价过程更加客观。模糊评价风险评估结果表明,株洲二线船闸引航道基坑开挖的风险较大,存在的主要风险原因要素是:工程环境风险现场管理风险施工作业风险技术因素风险组织与管理等其他风险。评价结果可作为工程实践参考,对船闸工程项目施工的风险控制有一定的参考价值。     

基于实例的船舶靠泊操纵技术探讨

船舶靠泊码头操作是驾驶员经常性经历的工作之一,也是操船中事故发生率较高的一项操作.以3个码头靠泊时的体会出发,从制定靠泊计划、了解码头情况、熟知本船性能和控制余速4个方面,进一步总结船舶靠泊码头应注意的事项.     

Highway voting system: Embracing a possible paradigm shift in traffic data acquisition

The integration of internet and mobile phones has opened the door to a new wave of utilizing private vehicles as probes not only for performance evaluation but for traffic control as well, gradually replacing the role of traffic surveillance systems as the dominant source of traffic data. To prepare for such a paradigm shift, one needs to overcome some key institutional barriers, in particular, the privacy issue. A Highway Voting System (HVS) is proposed to address this issue in which drivers provide link- and/or path-based vehicle data to the traffic management system in the form of “votes” in order to receive favorable service from traffic control. The proposed HVS offers a platform that links data from individual vehicles directly with traffic control. In the system, traffic control responds to voting vehicles in a way similar to the current system responding to prioritized vehicles and providing the requested services accordingly. We show in the paper that the proposed “voting” system can effectively resolve the privacy issue which often hampers traffic engineers from getting detailed data from drivers. Strategies to entice drivers into “voting” so as to increase the market penetration level under all traffic conditions are discussed. Though the focus of the paper is on addressing the institutional issues associated with data acquisition from individual vehicles, other research topics associated with the proposed system are identified. Two examples are given to demonstrate the impact of the proposed system on algorithm development and traffic control.     

Achieving transport modal split targets at intermodal freight hubs using a model predictive approach

The increase of international freight commerce is creating pressure on the existing transport network. Cooperation between the different transport parties (e.g., terminal managers, forwarders and transport providers) is required to increase the network throughput using the same infrastructure. The intermodal hubs are locations where cargo is stored and can switch transport modality while approaching the final destination. Decisions regarding cargo assignment are based on cargo properties. Cargo properties can be fixed (e.g., destination, volume, weight) or time varying (remaining time until due time or goods expiration date). The intermodal hub manager, with access to certain cargo information, can promote cooperation with and among different transport providers that pick up and deliver cargo at the hub. In this paper, cargo evolution at intermodal hubs is modeled based on a mass balance, taking into account hub cargo inflows and outflows, plus an update of the remaining time until cargo due time. Using this model, written in a state-space representation, we propose a model predictive approach to address the Modal Split Aware – Cargo Assignment Problem (MSA–CAP). The MSA–CAP concerns the cargo assignment to the available transport capacity such that the final destination can be reached on time while taking into consideration the transport modality used. The model predictive approach can anticipate cargo peaks at the hub and assigns cargo in advance, following a push of cargo towards the final destination approach. Through the addition of a modal split constraint it is possible to guide the daily cargo assignment to achieve a transport modal split target over a defined period of time. Numerical experiments illustrate the validity of these statements.     

车用柴油机NO_x形成及控制

相对汽油发动机污染物排放,柴油发动机CO和CH的排放较低,不到汽油机的10%,但NOX排放水平却高于汽油发动机。本文重点讨论柴油发动机排气污染物中NOx的成分及危害,分析了NO的生成机理及影响因素,提出了控制柴油机NO排放的技术和方法。     

马来西亚东海岸铁路CTCS-2级列控系统方案研究

对马来西亚东海岸铁路CTCS-2级列控系统方案进行了分析和研究;针对单线自动站间闭塞情况提出了CTCS-2级列控系统方案;通过综合比较后提出马来西亚东海岸铁路列控系统推荐方案,可为CTCS-2级列控系统在单线自动站间闭塞中的应用提供一定参考.     

A survey on modeling and control of thruster-assisted position mooring systems

This review presents a systematic summary of the state-of-the-art development of technological solutions, modeling, and control strategies of thruster-assisted position mooring (TAPM) systems. The survey serves as a starting point for exploring automatic control and real-time monitoring solutions proposed for TAPM systems. A brief historical background of the mooring systems is given. The kinematics and a simplified kinetic control-design model of a TAPM system are derived in accordance with established control methods, including a quasistatic linearized model for the restoring and damping forces based on low-frequency horizontal motions of the vessel. In addition, another two mooring line models, i.e., the catenary equation and the finite element method model, are presented for the purpose of higher-fidelity simulations. The basic TAPM control strategies are reviewed, including heading control, surge-sway damping, roll–pitch damping (for semisubmersibles), and line break detection and compensation. Details on the concepts of setpoint chasing for optimal positioning of a vessel at the equilibrium position are discussed based on balancing the mooring forces with the environmental loads and avoiding mooring line failure modes. One method for setpoint chasing is the use of a structural reliability index, accounting for both mean mooring line tensions and dynamic effects. Another method is the use of a lowpass filter on the position of the vessel itself, to provide a reference position. The most advanced method seems to be the use of a fault-tolerant control framework that, in addition to direct fault detection and isolation in the mooring system, incorporates minimization of either the low-frequency tensions in the mooring lines or minimization of the reliability indices for the mooring lines to select the optimal directions for the setpoint to move. A hybrid (or supervisory switching) control method is also presented, where a best-fit control law and observer law are automatically selected among a bank of control and observer algorithms based on the supervision of the sea-state and automatic switching logic.